por admin » Jue Feb 03, 2011 4:33 pm
Regime Offers Contrition After Days of Violence
Europe, U.S. Push for Speedier Regime Change As Rival Camps Clash in Egypt's Streets
By MATT BRADLEY, MARGARET COKER, TAMER EL-GHOBASHY and CHARLES LEVINSON
Ben Curtis/Associated Press
Anti-government protesters, right, clashed with pro-government supporters near Cairo's main square Thursday.
.CAIRO—Egyptian government officials took steps aimed at addressing grievances long held by its opponents, after bloody clashes and as protesters solidified their position in Cairo's Tahrir Square.
However, the regime on Thursday continued to resist its opponents' key demand—that President Hosni Mubarak step down immediately—despite 10 days of massive protests.
In an interview with ABC News, Mr. Mubarak appeared defiant, saying he wants to leave office now, but cannot for fear the country will sink deeper into chaos.
Egypt's capital descended further into violence as Mubarak supporters challenged protesters, while Mubarak dug in against demands that a transfer of power begin immediately. Tamer El-Ghobashy and Matt Bradley have the latest from Cairo.
.The ABC interview took place in the presidential palace, where Mr. Mubarak remains with his family, including his son Gamal, who was once expected to succeed him. In the interview, Mr. Mubarak said he never intended to have Gamal become president after he retired.
When asked by ABC's Christiane Amanpour what he thought about U.S. efforts to have him step aside, Mr. Mubarak said he told President Barack Obama: "You don't understand the Egyptian culture and what would happen if I step down now."
Separately, Egypt's new vice president, Omar Suleiman, called on protesters to go home to stop further damage to the economy and allow talks on political reforms to begin. Mr. Suleiman, who had run Egypt's intelligence services before being tapped nearly a week ago by Mr. Mubarak, also deflected suggestions of government responsibility for the recent violence, attributing it at turns to foreign provocateurs or militias tied to political parties.
Egyptian Health Minister Ahmed Samih Farid said on state television that eight people had died and nearly 900 had been injured in the fighting that began Wednesday.
Photos: Thursday Protests
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Victoria Hazou/Associated Press
Antigovernment demonstrators grabbed a man, center, they suspect to be a supporter of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Cairo's Tahrir Square.
.Journal Photos: Clashes in Cairo
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Guy Martin for The Wall Street Journal
Anti-government protesters clashed with supporters of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Tahrir Square.
.Photo Journal: Clashes in Cairo
.Regional Upheaval
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.A succession of rallies and demonstrations, in Egypt, Jordan, Yemen and Algeria have been inspired directly by the popular outpouring of anger that toppled Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali. See how these uprising progressed.
.Clashes persisted into Thursday afternoon, when protesters pushed their perimeter out beyond the square and began assaulting a highway overpass the regime's supporters had used as a launching pad for Molotov cocktails and gunfire overnight. By Thursday evening, protesters had taken control of the overpass and the surrounding area, and only small groups of pro-regime demonstrators remained.
The violence drew warning shots from Egypt's army, positioned between the combatants at the northern end of Tahrir Square, near the Egyptian Museum. At one point, soldiers took shelter behind overpass supports as the two sides hurled rocks at each other.
Egypt's newly designated prime minister, Ahmed Shafiq, appeared on state television and apologized for the violent confrontations, saying, "We wronged ourselves with those events." The prime minister said the government would investigate whether Mubarak supporters arrived spontaneously at the square or were sent.
State TV also said Egypt's prosecutor-general slapped a travel ban on former Interior Minister Habib al-Adli and froze his bank account. The prosecutor put similar restrictions on five other former officials, including a former top official of the ruling National Democratic Party, according to the report. The report didn't say whether the prosecutor was considering charges.
Mr. al-Adli, unseated by President Mubarak in a cabinet reshuffle last week, has long been reviled for the brutal treatment dealt out by his security forces. Still, the concessions fell short of protesters' main demand—the exit of Mr. Mubarak— and the prime minister argued on state television that continuing to protest won't achieve anything new.
The violence over the past two days erupted after the Egyptian regime dug in against demands from within the country and from Europe and Washington that a transfer of power begin immediately. In a joint statement, leaders of the U.K., France, German, Italy and Spain condemned the violence and urged for an immediate power transition.
"Only a quick and orderly transition to a broad-based government will make it possible to overcome the challenges Egypt is now facing. That transition process must start now," the statement said.
The violent clashes began when thousands of pro-Mubarak demonstrators marched on opposition members in Tahrir Square, just hours after President Mubarak said in a speech late Tuesday that he wouldn't run in elections slated for later this year. Some Mubarak supporters charged protesters on horseback and camelback, a tactic the regime has employed against past demonstrations. Clutches of soldiers looked on, doing little to intervene.
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On Twitter: WSJ's El-Ghobashy tweets from Cairo
.Opposition protesters continued to press their case Thursday that Mr. Mubarak's concession wasn't enough. Groups of pro-Mubarak demonstrators returned to the northern end of the square around midday. Pro-regime demonstrators blockaded off the northern part of the square with tanks and burned trucks. Molotov cocktails, thrown from a bridge nearby where pro-Mubarak protesters had assembled, set a building on fire.
At the southern end of the square, protesters held a spontaneous dance party in the afternoon. Despite the light moment, the street fighting appeared to be leading toward another large showdown on Friday, when opposition figures vowed to call another rally.
The opposition has grown increasingly organized. Between Wednesday and Thursday, an improvised system of social services and a specialization of labor arose from amidst the tents and barricades.
While some in the tent city worked to build barriers, others could be seen sweeping trash into piles and mopping up pools of water that had collected in the center of Tahrir Square. Hundreds of young men guarded the square's perimeter, with some delegated to frisk entrants and check their identification. Consistent with Egypt's conservative sensibilities, men and women entered the square through separate, single-file lines.
Cheerleaders spoke into a loudspeaker behind half-a-dozen speakers, leading protesters in the same calls that have been heard since protests began last Tuesday, such as "The people want the regime to go down!" and "Illegitimate!" Two huge large banners were neatly printed with the protesters' demands.
Several dozen of the protesters could be seen wearing badges made of masking tape that specified their role in the nebulous administration. Some read "Committee of Order," "Gate Security", "Broadcasting" and "Emergency". One young man, who spoke English, wore a piece of tape that designated himself as "Broadcast," meaning public relations, signalling the protesters' desire to reach out to journalists. Doctors with medical coats wore pieces of tape that bore their names and medical specialities.
The rising level of sophisticated organization belied reports from protesters that the movement remains as amorphous and leaderless as it did last Tuesday, when the protesters seemed to leap from websites without a clear leader. When asked who purchased the large speakers, who printed and erected large banners and who was assigning tasks, answers hardly varied: "The people', some said. "The youth," said others. "All of us are participating in this," said some protesters.
Until last week, only the Muslim Brotherhood, an illegal but tolerated Islamist organization, was the only non-governmental group capable of bringing so many people onto Egypt's streets and organizing them into specializations. But a straw poll of dozens of protesters arrived at a consensus that the Brotherhood was not the organizer. The powerful Islamist group, protesters said, were only participants.
The Obama administration, watching the violence, this week began pushing harder for Mr. Mubarak to quickly step aside and make way for a transitional government, people familiar with the matter said. The U.S. began to chart a course of reforms and, for the first time since the protests erupted more than a week ago, made it clear that Washington and Cairo—close allies for three decades—are now on different tracks.
An interim government, made up of opposition parties and elements of the current regime, could buy time to rewrite the Egyptian constitution, allow opposition parties to organize, and lay the groundwork for elections later this year, say supporters of the idea.
Leading opposition figures also dug in, repeating their rejection of Mr. Mubarak's offer to step down after negotiating political reforms and holding elections, which have been scheduled for September. "Once he's out of the country" the demonstrators will go home, opposition leader Mohamed ElBaradei said in an interview.