As Dow Approaches 20000: Has This Rally Just Begun?
As some investors consider swapping out of bonds, analysts see a tailwind for stocks
By Colin Barr and Aaron Kuriloff Updated Jan. 8, 2017 7:51 p.m. ET
Metrics such as corporate earnings look relatively good for stocks. Above, a view outside the New York Stock Exchange.
Metrics such as corporate earnings look relatively good for stocks. Above, a view outside the New York Stock Exchange. Photo: Mary Altaffer/Associated Press
Perhaps this rally hasn’t ended. Perhaps it has just begun.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average on Friday closed at 19963.80, as it nears 20000 and extends an upswing that began in the depths of the financial crisis. When it arrives at 20000, it will be the Dow’s 14th thousand-point milestone since then and the second-fastest on record.
The stock rally ranks among the least-beloved in history, traders and analysts say. The technology bust and the financial meltdown taught individuals to shy away from stocks and to embrace bonds and cash. Investors poured $381 billion into bond mutual and exchange-traded funds between the start of 2014 and October, according to EPFR Global. Over the same span, they pulled a net $16 billion from stock funds.
It is a strategy that many have pursued to their detriment. The Dow has returned 274%, including price gains and dividends, since its 2009 bottom. The 10-yearU.S. Treasury note has returned 33% over the same span. Now, with many on Wall Street raising their estimates for U.S. economic growth in coming years following the surprise election of Donald Trump, swapping out of bonds for stocks is an idea that is coming up more in conversation.
“People are saying, is it safe to get in now” to the stock market, said James D. McDonald, chief investment strategist at Northern Trust Corp. in Chicago, with $946 billion in assets under management.
Some analysts view this underinvestment as a tailwind for stocks, which they also contend look relatively attractive to many other investments based on measures such as corporate earnings, dividend yields and the economic outlook. While the U.S. economic expansion already ranks among the longest on record, few see signs that a slowdown is imminent. And if investors gain confidence, they could pour money into stocks and drive major indexes still higher.
For now, “people still feel the market going up is temporary and speculative,” said Richard Bernstein, chief executive of Richard Bernstein Advisors, a New York investment adviser with $3.1 billion in assets under management.
Roughly 46% of investors were bullish as of Jan. 4, according to the weekly survey by the American Association of Individual Investors. That is above the long-term average of 38% but far below the peaks of 75% reached in January 2000 and 58% in 2007. Investors often use the survey as a contrarian indicator, selling when bullish sentiment reaches highs and buying when bearishness spikes.
One investor who embodies these conflicting impulses is Al Tomei, a 75-year-old from Los Angeles who retired as a facilities planner for the Los Angeles Unified School District.
He maintained a split portfolio of half bonds and half stocks as recently as 2007, when the Dow peaked above 14000 before losing more than half its value in the financial crisis. The Dow lost 32% on a total-return basis in 2008.
Since then, Mr. Tomei has kept about 80% of his portfolio in bonds. He is now thinking about moving back toward a 50-50 split, concerned that Mr. Trump’s plans to increase fiscal spending and cut taxes will boost inflation, chipping away at the value of bonds’ fixed payments. The Dow’s total return was 16% in 2016, roughly half of that since Mr. Trump’s Nov. 8 election.
Mr. Tomei worries that stocks are due for a correction after the gains of the past year, which he views as being fueled by external factors such as stock buybacks and central- bank stimulus rather than fundamental improvements in the U.S. economy. He is holding 4% to 5% of his assets in cash for now and looking for opportunities to buy stocks cheap.
“Everything I’ve read is that stocks are richly priced and when they’re richly priced, the odds of them going higher are not particularly good,” said Mr. Tomei.
Valuations are indeed stretched relative to history, said Messrs. Bernstein and McDonald. Stocks in the S&P 500 traded Thursday at roughly 21 times their past 12 months of earnings, up from a 10-year average of 16, according to FactSet. But they say the valuations aren’t extreme given how low interest rates remain relative to history, a condition that tends to push investors into stocks as a higher-yielding alternative, while keeping borrowing costs low for companies.
Bond yields have surged by more than a percentage point since hitting all-time lows this past summer, with the 10-year Treasury yield rising to 2.417% on Friday.
The dividend yield on the S&P 500 was roughly 2% Friday, according to S&P Dow Jones Indices. That makes stocks competitive with bonds as a source of income, while offering greater potential for asset appreciation, several investors said.
Other metrics look relatively good for stocks as well. Corporate earnings, a major driver of stock-price gains over time, have begun rising after a sharp decline during the 2014-2016 energy bust. Strong earnings growth can mitigate valuation concerns, Mr. Bernstein said. Analysts expect S&P 500 earnings to rise 11% from a year ago in the first quarter, according to FactSet.
Mr. Bernstein said his firm began buying cyclical stocks such as energy, materials, technology and financial firms in the first quarter of 2016, when market-based inflation expectations began rising. He said Mr. Trump’s promise of fiscal stimulus “creates an almost unprecedented” stockpile of fuel for further stock gains. Stimulus plans typically are enacted at an earlier stage of the economic cycle when unemployment is higher. Mr. Bernstein said: “4.7% joblessness plus fiscal stimulus—whoa! That hasn’t happened in my career.”
Mr. McDonald of Northern Trust said he saw signs of improving global growth starting in May, when purchasing managers’ reports began showing signs of renewed strength.
His firm sharply increased its stockholdings after Mr. Trump was elected in November. Mr. McDonald said he believed Republican control of Congress would enable the new administration to play a more constructive role in facilitating economic growth than has happened in years of mostly divided government. He also said he believes the election has had a confidence-boosting effect throughout the economy.
Yet some remain unconvinced, scarred by the financial crisis and concerned that both stocks and bonds remain expensive. Many investors are holding cash, “waiting for the market to fall or worried about investing because they believe prices are too high,” said Eric D. Nelson, managing principal at Servo Wealth Management, an investment adviser in Oklahoma City. “Honestly, I can’t remember the last time I encountered an investor who is fully invested.”
Write to Colin Barr at Colin.Barr@wsj.com and Aaron Kuriloff at aaron.kuriloff@wsj.com