por admin » Mar Dic 28, 2010 9:16 am
China dijo que recortara su cuota de exportaciones de metales raro en 11% para el primer semestre del 2011 y establecera aun recortes mas profundos para el segundo semestre.
China produce el 95% de metales raros en el mundo.
China Cuts Rare-Earth Export Quota
China's decision to sharply cut its rare-earth export quotas for the first half of 2011, following even sharper cuts in the second half of this year, will exacerbate concerns among global buyers of the minerals, which are used in a variety of high-tech items.
China supplies around 95% of the global market for rare earths, metals that are used in high-tech batteries, televisions, mobile phones and defense products. Beijing's decision to cut export quotas by 72% for the second half of 2010 was greeted by global criticism that it was taking undue advantage of its market-dominant position to engineer a rise in rare-earth prices and leave technology industries little choice but to locate in China—possibly at the expense of Japan.
China has cornered the rare-earths market. Above, annealed neodymium iron boron magnets sit in a barrel prior to being crushed into powder at a Neo Material Technologies Inc. factory in Tianjin, China.
.For its part, China has maintained that the cuts are in line with sustainable development, citing concerns over environmental degradation associated with mining of the metals.
First-half 2011 quotas total 14,508 metric tons, down about 35% from quotas for the year-earlier period, according to data from the Ministry of Commerce on Tuesday.
The cuts don't appear to jibe with comments from Commerce Minister Chen Deming, who said this month that China would leave quotas for the minerals largely unchanged in 2011. China has in the past adjusted second-half quotas after evaluating first-half quotas and consulting with domestic and global industry participants, so it is possible that combined quotas for 2011 will be roughly equivalent to those of 2010.
Shipments of rare earths will be capped at 10,762 tons for 22 approved Chinese companies and at 3,746 tons for 10 approved foreign companies and joint ventures with foreign partners, data on the ministry's website showed, representing 34% and a 37% falls, respectively.
The figure includes 62 tons tentatively allocated to Pingyuan Sanxie Rare Earth Smelting Co., a foreign-invested company, that will be confirmed by the end of March.
For the first half of this year, 22 Chinese companies obtained a combined quota of 16,304 tons while 10 foreign-invested companies were granted quotas totaling 5,978 tons.
Rare earths became a hot political topic in September, when Japanese importers said China had suspended shipments of the metals after Japan detained a Chinese fishing boat captain whose trawler collided with Japanese patrol vessels near islands both countries claim.
In response to China's increasingly strict regulation of its domestic rare-earth industry and soaring prices—not to mention its role in international incidents—major global consumers such as Japan and the U.S. are seeking alternative suppliers, including Australia, Mongolia and Thailand.
In October, Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan agreed with Mongolian Prime Minister Sukhbaatar Batbold on a project to develop rare-earth metals in Mongolia in an effort to ease reliance on China's uncertain supply. Similarly, Japan's Sumitomo Corp. is developing a mine in Kazakhstan.
Two big producers are already ramping up: Lynas Corp. in Australia and Molycorp Inc. in the U.S., which just this week began blasting in an open pit mine in the California desert that had been the world's dominant rare-earth supplier before mining stopped in 2002.
Chinese officials have welcomed the trend, saying it is irrational for China to supply the whole world's rare earth needs with just 30% of global reserves.
It is legitimate for China to restrict output and exports of rare earths, neither of which violate WTO rules, China Chamber of Minerals, Metals and Chemicals Importers & Exporters President Xu Xu said Tuesday at a rare-earth conference in Beijing.
Supply diversification is necessary, and "every country that has reserves should start to exploit their resources instead of relying on China," he said.
Mr. Xu also predicted that rare-earth prices will inevitably increase, in line with the uptrend of most bulk commodity prices, including copper, oil and iron ore
But China's dominance won't be easily eroded. "I am confident that China will hold its bellwether position in the global rare-earth industry in the long term," said Wang Caifeng, a former senior official with the Ministry of Industry & Information Technology's raw material department.
—Yajun Zhang, James T. Areddy and Chuin-Wei Yap